Passage One

　　Judo is a sport for two players. The sport is governed by strict rules of politeness. Before and after a match the players must bow to each other. A match is won on points or superior play. A player wins a point when he holds his opponent on his back so that he is unable to move for thirty seconds; when he forces his opponent to give up by using strangleholds or armlocks; and when he makes a clean throw. A player wins a half point when he holds his opponent down for only twenty-five seconds. Kicking, hitting, and gouging are not allowed. A referee watches the players and decides who wins each point. The player who wins the necessary amount of points first wins the match. A contest or match may last up to twenty minutes.

　　Judo requires much physical training and instruction. Training takes place in a dojo, or gym area. In the Orient, players practice on straw mats. In Western countries a canvas wrestling mat can be used. The players wear cotton jackets and trousers circled by colored belts. A beginner wears a white belt and a more accomplished player a brown belt. Experts wear a black belt.

　　Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　26. According to the following statements, which one is not the way to win a point for a Judo player in a match?

　　27. Which action is allowed in a Judo match?

　　28. How does a player win in a Judo match?

　　29. Which kind of belt would an expert Judo player wear in a match?

　　Passage Two

　　One of the most important fields in veterinary medicine is medical research. Experiments with animals have led to discoveries that save many human lives. Cancer, heart disease, and other crippling illnesses are studied in animals. Vaccines and serums are always tested on animals before they are used on humans. Vaccines for tetanus, measles, and polio were used first on animals.

　　Veterinarians have made many life-saving discoveries. For example, the research of one veterinarian, on the sweet-clover disease in cattle, led to the discovery of dicoumarol. Dicoumarol prevents blood from clotting and is used in treating human heart disease.

　　Veterinarians have made many contributions to the exploration of space. Dogs, mice, and chimpanzees are often used to test the effects of varying atmospheric pressure on animal life before human beings are sent into space. Veterinarians study the animals carefully for the effects of space travel on their bodies. The results of these studies are used in preparing men to go into space and contribute to the safety of the astronauts.

　　Veterinarians share responsibility for the health and safety of our food. Their work in the cure and prevention of animal diseases has done a great deal to ensure us wholesome poultry, meat, and milk.

　　Veterinarians are also important in the fur industry, for animals must be healthy and well cared for if they are to grow glossy coats. Veterinarians are needed to take care of the animals in zoos and circuses. At racetracks, they inspect the dogs and horses to make sure that they have not been drugged or abused. Frequently, veterinarians are employed by the government to treat and study the wildlife in national parks and game preserves.