[文章大意及重要词汇]
人类的需求好像是无止境的（endless），当一饥饿的人吃饱喝足后，他就开始想拥有一件外套。当一位经理得到一辆跑车后，就开始想望一所大房子和豪华游艇。人类的需求可以概括为好几个层次，一个层次满足后就会需要另一个层次。
第一层也是最基本的层次就是对食物的需求，一旦这个需求得到满足之后，第二个层次的需求，像衣服和房子就随之而来，第二次世界大战后，大多数的美国人都已达到这一层次。于是第三层次就出现了，这个层次包括了汽车和大房子。
到了1957、58年的时候，人们的第三层次也得到了充分的满足。20世纪50年后期，第四个层次的要求“丰富多彩的生活”（life-enriching）有出现了。前面三个层次的需求都是在物质方面在比如食物和交通方便的需求。而第四层次强调精神上满足，例如社会认可，成就感和幸福大部分的钱都花在服务上，包括许多奇特的物品（fancy goods）和最新款式的衣服。
但是随着人们收入的提高和消费指数上升，第五层次还会出现吗？还是继续停留在第四个层次上对奢侈品（luxuries）和个人服务的需求呢？
6. According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when __________
A. he has saved up enough money
B. he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter
C. he has satisfied his hunger
D. he has learned to build houses
[解析]本题是细节题，其问的问题“是在什么情况下，人们会考虑房子和衣服”，由本文中的第一段第二句When a hungry man gets a meal… view.可知答案[C]是对的。
7. It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War II, most Americans __________.
A. were very rich
B. lived in poverty
C. had the good things on the first three levels
D. did not own automobiles
[解析]本题是推理题，由本文中第二段中最后一句可知答案[D]是对的。
8. Which of the following is NOT related to "physical satisfaction"?
A. A successful career. B. A comfortable home.
C. A good meal. D. A family car.
[解析]本题是推理题，由本文中第二段的第三句，“物质上的满足”指的是feed in comfort, safety, and transportation，
根据推理可知答案[A]是对的。
9. What is the main concern of man on the fourth level?
A. The more goods the better.
B. The more mental satisfaction the better.
C. The more "luxury" items the better.
D. The more earnings the better.
[解析]本题是细节题，由本文中第二段的第三句后一句this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness “强调精神上的满足”由此可知答案[B]是对的。
10. The author tends to think that the fifth level __________
A. would be little better than the fourth level
B. may be a lot more desirable than the first four
C. can be the last and most satisfying level
D. will become attainable before the government takes actions
[解析]本题是细节题，由本文中最后一段的最后一句，“当前四个层次都得到满足后，人们就会需要更高层次的需求”由此可知答案[B]是对的。
Passage 3
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
We use both words and gestures to express our feelings, but the problem is that these words and gestures can be understood in different ways.
It is true that a smile means the same thing in any language. So does laughter or crying. There are also a number of striking similarities in the way different animals show the same feelings. Dogs, tigers and humans, for example, often show their teeth when they are angry. This is probably because they are born with those behavior patterns.
