Passage 3

　　Questions 11-15 are based on this passage:

　　Traditionally, universities have carried out two main activities: research and teaching. Many experts would argue that both these activities play a critical role in serving the community. The fundamental question , however is : how does the community want or need to be served?

　　In recent years universities have been coming under increasing pressure from both the governments and the public to ensure that they do not remain “ivory towers”(象牙塔)of study separated from the realities of everyday life. University teachers have been encouraged, and in some cases constrained (强逼), to provide more courses which produce graduates with the technical skills required for the commercial use.79) If Aristotle wanted to work in a university in the UK today, he would have a good chance of teaching computer science but would not be so readily employable as a philosopher.

　　A post-industrial society requires large numbers of computer programmers, engineers, managers and technicians to maintain and develop its economic growth but “man”, as the Bible says,“ does not live by bread alone.” 80)Apart from requiring medical and social services, which do not directly contribute to economic growth, the society should also value and enjoy literature, music and the arts. In these cost-conscious times, it has even been pointed out in justification for the funding of the arts that they can be useful money earners. A successful musical play, for instance, can contribute as much to the Gross National Product through tourist dollars as any other things.

　　11. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ____________.

　　A. traditional universities do a good job serving the society

　　B. universities must meet the needs of the society

　　C. research and teaching are of great importance in universities

　　D. universities play an important role in our society

　　12. We can infer from the second paragraph that__________.

　　A. the society is not satisfied with the present college education

　　B. the governments interfere too much with college education

　　C. teacher are forced to do what they don’t like to do

　　D. teachers dislike teaching commercially useful courses

　　13. The Aristotle example is used to make the point that _________.

　　A. universities in the UK have produced too many good-for –nothing graduates

　　B. such abstract subjects as philosophy is no longer useful

　　C. education should serve the social needs

　　D. it is advisable for today’s philosophers to know computer science.

　　14. According to the passage, literature, music and the arts__________.

　　A. do not contribute to economic growth at all

　　B. are less useful to the society because they do not make direct contribution to economic

　　growth

　　C. are similar to medical and social services in their way of promoting economic growth

　　D. should develop only when they are good for economic growth