Summerhill began as an experimental school. It is no longer such; it is now a demonstration school, for it demonstrates that freedom works.

　　When my first wife and I began the school, we had one main idea: to make the school fit the child - instead of making the child fit the school. I had this idea because I had taught in ordinary schools for many years. I knew the other way well. I knew it was all wrong. It was wrong because it was based on an adult conception of what a child should be and of how a child should learn. The other way dated from the days when psychology was still and unknown science.

　　Well, we set out to make a school in which we should allow children freedom to be themselves. In order to do this, we had to renounce all discipline, all direction, all suggestion, all moral training, all religious instruction. We have been called brave, but it did not require courage. All it required was what we had - a complete belief in the child as a good, not an evil, being. For almost forty years, this belief in the goodness of the child has never wavered; it rather has become a final faith.

　　My view is that a child is innately wise and realistic. If left to himself without adult suggestion of any kind, he will develop as far as he is capable of developing. But, what is Summerhill like? Well, for one thing, lessons are optional. Children can go to them to stay away from them - for years if they want to. There is a timetable - but only for the teachers.

　　The children have classes usually according to their age, but sometimes according to their interests. We have no new methods of teaching, because we do not consider that teaching in itself matters very much. Whether a school has or has not a special method for teaching long division is of no significance, for long division is of no importance except to those who want to learn it. And the child who wants to learn long division will learn it no matter how taught.

　　Children who come to Summerhill as kindergarteners attend lessons from the beginning of their stay; but pupil from other schools vow that they will never attend any beastly lessons again at any time. They play and cycle and get in people's way, but they fight shy of lessons. This sometimes goes on for months. They recovery time is proportionate to the hatred their last school gave them. Our record case was a girl from a convent. She loafed for three years. The average period of recovery from lesson aversion is three months.

　　Summerhill is probably the happiest school in the world. We have no truants and seldom a case of homesickness. We very rarely have fights - quarrels, of course. I have seldom seen a stand-up fight like the ones we used to have as boys. I seldom hear a child cry, because children when free have much less hate to express than children who are downtrodden. Hate breeds hate, and love breads love. Love means approving of children, and that is essential in any school. You can't be on the side of children if you punish them and storm at them. Summerhill is a school in which the child knows what he is approved of.

　　96. According to the passage, Summerhill places more emphasis on

　　A. improving the teaching method.

　　B. physical activities than on mental training.

　　C. instilling confidence in the child.

　　D. freeing the child from heavy burden of lessons.

　　97. According to the author, the difference between Summerhill and other conventional schools is that Summerhill

　　A. has a well-planned timetable for the teachers.

　　B. treats children as a person.

　　C. prevents children from fighting and crying.

　　D. helps children recover from depression.

　　98. Summerhill, according to the passage, is

　　A. a discipline-centered school.

　　B. an instruction-centered school.

　　C. teacher-centered school.

　　D. students-centered school.

　　99. According to the author, a good school and its teachers should not

　　A. set out strict disciplines and punish children.

　　B. ignore proper teaching method.

　　C. require children to attend lessons regularly.

　　D. regulate the children's behavior by adult standard.

　　100. The approach Summerhill adopts in its education can be termed as being

　　A. humanistic.

　　B. realistic.

　　C. physiological.

　　D. psychological.

　　Section 3: Cloze Test (20 Points)

　　In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to provide each of the blanks with the missing word. The time for this section is 20 minutes. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　Statistics from China ____(1) be mind boggling: 1.2 billion ____(2), 1.73 trillion cigarettes smoked in a year, 7,000 different ____(3) of woody plants. But amid all of these staggering sums, one factoid stands ____(4) for both its audacious size and for what it says about China's future: there are 630 million Chinese under the age of 24. That's a lot of ____(5) energy to burn. Materialism may be the ____(6) preoccupation among China's young people these days, but just beneath the surface lies a feeling ____(7) wounded nationalist pride and an ever-deepening spiritual hunger. It isn't clear where China's young people are headed. But this is a generation that, by its ____(8) size and certain talents, will ____(9) the world's destiny.

　　Here's another sobering statistic: this is Terry McCarthy's 22nd, and final, cover ____(10) for TIME Asia - he's leaving the region ____(11) three years to become TIME's Los Angeles ____(12) chief. McCarthy, who has indefatigably crisscrossed Asia out of his twin bases of Hong Kong and Shanghai, was the main driver ____(13) this week's superb special report on young China. He developed the story list, guided much ____(14) the reporting and wrote some of the articles. All ____(15) planning a swank black-tie masked ball last weekend in Shanghai. "I was ____(16) by the willingness of individual Chinese to write for us or talk about their ____(17)," McCarthy says about the special ____(18). "These are the guys ____(19) are going to be running the country in 20 ____(20)." If we're lucky, McCarthy will be back in the region long before then.