过去分词与形容词的语义差：

　　1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things

　　the destructive power of modern weapons

　　Damaged： being in a bad state

　　emotionally damaged children

　　2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements

　　He’s one of the most respected managers in the game.

　　Respectful： feeling or showing respect

　　They listened in respectful silence.

　　3. Preferred ： Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides.

　　Preferable： A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby.

　　Preferential： Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment.

　　4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights.

　　Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative.

　　5.Loving： She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother.

　　Lovable： a sweet lovable child

　　Lovely： We had a lovely holiday.

　　6. Tolerated： While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.

　　Tolerant： trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds

　　Tolerable： All in all， it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford.

　　虚拟语气

　　非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。

　　1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别

　　（1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。

　　Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．这里禁止抽烟。（抽象）

　　It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。（具体）

　　（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。

　　不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

　　Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。（经验）

　　Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。（经验）

　　（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。

　　It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

　　2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别

　　（1）不定式作表语

　　1）不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。

　　To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。

　　What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。

　　2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。

　　To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。

　　To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。

　　3）如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。

　　His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。

　　The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.