54. The children were surprised when the teacher had them _ (cloes) their books unex- pectedly .
55. A new road will be built here, and therefore a number of existing houses _(have to destroy ) .
Ⅵ.Translate the following into English(15points)
56.你应该仔细核对全部资科,以避免严重错误.
57.尽管这个实验复杂,他们决心按时把它完成c
58.一切迹象表明这个人对这里发生的情况毫无所知.
59.只有那些不怕困难的人,才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果.
60.这篇作品与其说是短篇小说,不如说更像是新闻报导.
Ⅶ. Tanslate the following passage carefully and then translate the sentences underlined into Chinese. (20 point)
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why me person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Sociat scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. (61 ) They want to explain why we poesess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear arlswers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature as nurture. " .
(62 ) Those who suppqrt the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63 ) That our environment has lit- tle, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed bv our instincts.
Those who support the "nurture" theory, that is, they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based in- stincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. ( 64 ) The behaviorists main- tain that , like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic , intelligence , of- fered by the two theories. (65 ) Supponers of the "nature" theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say. They don't believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetemlined charac- tedstic. On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (66) Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development .
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. (67 ) In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some " na- ture" proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. ( 68) Behaviorists, in contrast , say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. .
