A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the surprise sudden increase in the volume of traffic through an area affects a sudden increase in crime does. Appleyard observed this by fir house in San Francisco that looked much alike and had middle-class and working-class residents. The difference was that only 2,000 cars a day ran down Octavia in Appleyard’s terminology while Gough Street (MEDIUM street) had 9,000 cars a day and Franklin Street (HEAVY street) had around 16,000 cars a day.
Franklin Street often had as many cars in an hour as Octavia Street had in a day. Heavy traffic brought with it danger, noise, fumes, and soot, directly, and trash secondarily. That is, the cars didn’t bring in much trash, but when trash accumulated, residents seldom picked it up. The cars, Appleyard determined, reduced the amount of territory residents felt responsible for. Noise was a constant intrusion into their homes. Many Franklin Street residents covered their doors and windows and spent most of their time in the rear of their houses. Most families with children had already left.
Conditions on Octavia Street were much different. Residents picked up trash. They sat on their front steps and chatted with neighbors. They had three times as many friends and twice as many acquaintances as the people on Franklin.
On Gough Street, residents said that the old feeling of community was disappearing as traffic increased. People were becoming more and more preoccupied with their own lives. A number of families had recently moved. And more were considering it. Those who were staying expressed deep regret at the destruction of their community.
分析和解题方法：
做题方法，首先在开始阅读之前浏览一下选择题的主干部分和备选答案，然后开始阅读本篇文章，带着问题寻找答案，最后作答。
本篇文章运用比较好的词汇解析和例句：
1.bring with v. 带来
The worst enemies you'll face are those you bring with you.
你将面对的最可怕敌人，来自于你的内心。
2. in the rear of在……后面
While the politicians had hot discussions in the rear of their backyard, the soldiers were exhausted in the battle.
3. The cars, Appleyard determined, reduced the amount of territory residents felt responsible for.
Appleyard determined 作为插入语。
解题分析：
这篇短文后有五个阅读题，我们首先要分析这些阅读的考点的类型，从1-5分别是主旨题，细节题，段落大意，段落大意题和细节题。主旨题需要从全局把握，细节题需要紧扣每个词语和微小的细节，段落大意只需要总结这个段落的意思。下面我们就做具体的分析。
3. 在第二段中作者的意图是？这一段主要讲述了heavy traffic 所带来的问题，比如说danger, noise, fumes, and soot, and trash等。
4. Gough Street人们的想法和态度是什么？ On Gough Street, residents said that the old feeling of community was disappearing as traffic increased.这一句是总领的句子。 答案B 可以直接的排除，（对周围人搬走的这一行为态度很冷淡，漠视）文中没有说。 A 和D 是人们的表现和行为，而不是一种态度。所以答案应该是C。
5. 可以从第二段找答案。Most families with children had already left. 由于噪声的污染，许多的家庭已经离开了这个地方。看看人们是怎样生活的。
Noise was a constant intrusion into their homes. Many Franklin Street residents covered their doors and windows and spent most of their time in the rear of their houses. 很明显这样的生活环境不和氛围不适合孩子。 |
