【副词开头】

　　(1)副词修饰全句

　　Luckily, he didn't know my phone number; otherwise, he would bother me.

　　Incredibly, Helena got straight A in her school report this semester.

　　Interestingly, cats and dogs can hardly get along well in a house.

　　修饰全句常用的副词有：obviously, undoubtedly, apparently, fortunately, clearly, unfortunately, incredibly, luckily, unluckily, surprisingly, frighteningly等。

　　这些副词大多数表示说话人对全句的看法，在意思上相当于“It is ...形容词 that ...”。

　　比如：

　　Obviously, he is nervous about the test.

　　=It is obvious that he is nervous about the test.

　　Unfortunately, he tripped over and fell in the mud.

　　=It is unfortunate that he tripped over and fell in the mud.

　　(2)强调副词

　　Hurriedly, the man drew me a scratch map to show me the direction.

　　Dangerously, the drunkard sped down the street.

　　Slowly and gently, snowflakes were drifting down from the sky.

　　(3)副词表示某一地域或某一领域

　　Geographically, Canada is the biggest country in the world.

　　Financially, she is independent, but emotionally she is dependent.

　　【插入语开头】

　　用插入语开头，表示说话人的态度，或使句子的意思更加准确：

　　Strangely enough, Jennifer does not enjoy sunshine and beach.

　　Generally speaking, winter in Vancouver is gloomy.

　　类似的插入语有：no wonder, no doubt, in other words, in my opinion, in conclusion, in fact, as a matter of fact等。

　　【形容词和形容词短语开头】

　　用形容词、并列形容词或形容词短语开头，修饰句子的主语，表示主语的特征或状态：

　　Frantic, the young mother rushed out the door with the baby in her arms.

　　Tasty and crisp, potato chip is a favorite snack for both children and adults.

　　Happy at his good marks at school, the little boy skipped on his way home.

　　Desperate and hopeless, the poor man committed suicide.

　　【分词和分词短语开头】

　　(1)修饰句子主语，表示主语所处的状态或主语同时进行的另一个较谓语动词次要的动作

　　Scared, the girl moved timidly and cautiously into the dark room.(状态)

　　Cased by my dear pet cat, the mouse dashed into a small hole.(状态)

　　Spoiled by his parents, the naughty boy always insists on things he wants.(状态)

　　Puffing and hugging, he finished his run.(另一动作)

　　Looking at herself in the mirror, she fingered her silk scarf on her shoulder.(另一动作)

　　(2)修饰谓语动词，表示原因、时间等

　　Lying down on the couch, he felt much relaxed.(时间)

　　Feeling bored, she turned on the TV and switched from channel to channel.(原因)

　　Wanting to find out the business hour, she called the store.(原因)

　　Having completed the form, he mailed it out immediately.(时间)

　　【介词短语开头】

　　用介词短语开头，表示句子谓语动词发生的时间、地点、方式、原因、条件等：

　　On seeing him approach, the girl immediately turned her face to a shop window pretending to look at something there.(时间)

　　Around the corner, a crowd gathered.(地点)

　　Unlike his father, Peter touches neither cigarettes nor alcohol.(方式)