Passage Two
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious (有营养的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well.” In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body’s condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well,” in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.
62. Today medical care is placing more stress on ________.
A) keeping people in a healthy physical condition
B) monitoring patients’ body functions
C) removing people’s bad living habits
D) ensuring people’s psychological well-being
63. In the first paragraph, people are reminded that ________.
A) good health is more than not being ill
B) drinking, even if not to excess, could be harmful
C) regular health checks are essential to keeping fit
D) prevention is more difficult than cure(B)
64. Traditionally, a person is considered “well” if he ________.
A) does not have any unhealthy living habits
B) does not have any physical handicaps
C) is able to handle his daily routines
D) is free from any kind of disease(D)
65. According to the author, the true meaning of “wellness” is for people ________.
A) to best satisfy their body’s special needs
B) to strive to maintain the best possible health
C) to meet the strictest standards of bodily health
D) to keep a proper balance between work and leisure(B)
66. According to what the author advocates, which of the following groups of people would be considered healthy?
A) People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures.
B) People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease.
C) People who try to be as possible, regardless of their limitations.
D) People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care.(C)
这篇文章讲述了当今社会“健康”概念的新发展。全文比较少见地一共只有两大段(很有可能是英文原版文章的节选)，第一段开头介绍了当今社会人们医疗观念的转变，即人们关注的焦点正在从治疗转变为预防。这一现象是众所周知的，作者可以借此不动声色地引出了文章的论题——健康观念的转变问题。在此之后，作者立即把笔锋指向正题，提出这种观念上的转变其实还可以探究得更为深入(The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further)。在第一段的其余部分，作者使用了一系列does……but句型，对一种健康状态进行了具体的描述，最后指出这种程度上的“健康”其实还有改善的余地(could be a lot healthier)。
第一段完成了对一种健康但又不够健康的状态的具体描述，第二段开头则指出传统观念未对not ill(不得病)和excellent health(身体极佳)进行区分，都称为健康(well)，那么读到这里，显然可以判断第一段描述的是not ill这一概念。
此后作者提出一种观点，即只有那些积极努力保持和改善健康状态的人(who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health)才可称是“健康的”(well)或达到了“健康状态”(wellness)。之后作者分别对well和wellness作了具体的解释。 |
