Immunization
Immunity can be provided artificially by vaccination and other forms of immunization. A vaccine is a preparation containing the offending organism—usually in a weakened form that will not cause the actual disease. When introduced into the body, the vaccine stimulates the body to produce antibodies against the disease. These antibodies often remain in the system for life, and the body is thus prepared to resist the actual disease.
A number of viral diseases can be prevented by immunization. There are vaccines for polio, measles, rubella (German measles), mumps, some strains of influenza, and chicken pox. A vaccine against the organism Hemophilus influenzae also is available. This vaccine prevents the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. According to the passage, most microorganisms in human body are ________.
A) beneficial
B) harmless or even beneficial
C) harmless
D) harmful
2. Infectious diseases cannot be transmitted ________.
A) by skin contact
B) in contaminated food
C) by insect bites
D) through common fluid
3. Some bacterial diseases can be cured by ________.
A) drugs
B) vaccination
C) toxins
D) viruses
4. Viruses live and reproduce ________.
A) in microorganisms
B) only within living cells
C) only in living microorganisms
D) in cells
5. For most ________, there is no effective medical treatment.
A) infections
B) bacterial infections
C) viral infections
D) infectious diseases
6. How many ways are mentioned in the passage as to how the body fights infections?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
7. The ________ is the first barrier of the body’s defenses.
A) salivary gland
B) tear gland
C) liver
D) skin
8. The lymph system is ________ that carry lymph, a watery fluid containing white blood cells, throughout the body.
9. The immune reaction means the body’s production of white blood cells and antibodies in response to ________.
10. If antibodies have been made to fight a certain type of microorganism, they can protect the system_________. |
