8. Food packages, bottles and tins for drinks can cause______. 
  [A] air and water pollution 
  [B] both a litter problem and a waste of resources 
  [C] to pay for the service 
  [D] to produce the receipt  
答案：B 细节题。食品的外包装、瓶子和易拉罐将导致下列那个问题？B，导致垃圾和资源浪费。在文章第二段写道，This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metal and paper，这不仅造成大量垃圾的出现，和对玻璃、金属和纸张的浪费。

9. Which of the following can not help solving the problem of pollution? 
  [A] Cutting out unnecessary buying 
  [B] Eating less 
[C] Reduce excess use 
  [D] Carefully dispose our daily products. 
答案：B 细节题。下列哪一项对解决污染问题并没有帮助？B,节食。见文章最后一句，Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess use and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives，污染和浪费问题在大家的努力下，通过减少对不必要的东西的购买、避免无节制的使用和谨慎处置日常垃圾得以解决，所以B项对解决污染问题并没有帮助。

10. What does the underlined word "litter" mean in paragraph 2 ? 
  [A]not many  [B]serious problem  [C]bits of waste things  [D]industrial pollution 
答案：C 词汇题。“Litter”在文章中的意思是什么？文章中的In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste，通过and 可以看出它和waste 是同义词，所以应选C项垃圾之类的东西。

Passage 3  
Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:  

Thousands of years ago, in the middle of an ocean, miles from the nearest island, an undersea volcano broke out. The hot liquid piled higher and higher and spread wider and wider. In this way, an island rose up in the sea.  

As time went on, hot san and cool rains made the rock split and break to pieces, Sea waves dashed against the rock. In this way, soil and sand came into being.

Nothing lived on the naked soil. And then the wind and birds brought plant seeds, spiders and other little creatures there. Only plants could grow first. Only they, in sunlight, could produce food from the minerals of the soil, water and air. While many animals landed on the island, they could find no food. A spider spun its web in vain, because there were no insects for its web to catch. Insects couldn't stay until there were plants for them to eat. So plants had to be the pioneer life on this new island.

[文章大意及重要词汇]

  数千年之前，在海洋（ocean）的中央，离海岛只有数米远的地方一个海底火山（volcano）爆发（broke out）了，熔岩越堆越高并不断向外扩散，最终导致海面上火山岛的出现。