随着时间的流逝，岩石首先在阳光和冷雨的作用下变碎，然后又经过海浪长期的冲击（dash），这样循环不断最终出现了泥土和沙子。
土壤上一片荒凉（naked）。然后风和鸟带来了植物种子、蜘蛛（spider）和别的小动物（creature）。首先生长的是植物，因为只有它们可以依靠土地中的矿物质（minerals）、水、空气和阳光成长。虽然火山岛上有很多动物，但是他们没有食物可吃。蜘蛛网也没有任何意义，因为根本就没有昆虫可捕捉。直到有可吃的植物时，昆虫才可以生存。所以，植物一定是这个新岛上最早的生命。
11. The passage centers on _______.
[A] how an undersea volcano broke out
[B] how an island rose up in the sea
[C] how soil was formed on a new island
[D] how life began on a volcano- produced island
答案：D 主旨题。文章主要讲的是？D, 火山岛上的东西是怎样出现的。文章第一段主要是讲了火山岛的形成，然后论述了植物种子的出现，植物为动物提供食物，火山岛上的生命才出现，所以可以看出主题应 该是D。
12. According to the passage, the island got its first soil from ______.
[A] sea waves
[B] its own rock
[C] the sand brought by the wind
[D] cool rains
答案：B 细节题。根据文章，火山岛上的最早的土壤来自于哪里？B,自己的岩石。文章第二段，As time went on, hot san and cool rains made the rock split and break to pieces, Sea waves dashed against the rock. In this way, soil and sand came into being，随着时间的流逝，岩石首先在阳光和冷雨的作用下变碎，然后又经过海浪长期的冲击，这样循环不断最终出现了泥土和沙子。
13 .The word "naked" (in Para. 3) could be replaced by which of the following?
[A] hidden [C]mysterious [B] new [D]bare
答案：D 词汇题。文章中的“naked”可以被下列哪个代替？D, 赤裸的，无遮蔽的，空的。文章第三段话，Nothing lived on the naked soil，土壤上一片荒凉，应选D。
14 . The order of coming into being on the island is_______.
[A] soil, plants and animals
[B] soil, little creatures and plants
[C] soil, birds and plants
[D] soil, human beings and animals
答案：A 细节题。火山岛上下列事物出现的顺序是？A, 土壤，植物，动物。文章最后一段，So plants had to be the pioneer life on this new island，所以植物应该是排在土壤后面的。
15 .According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE ?
[A] Spiders were the first life that could live on the island.
[B] The island is far away from any piece of land.
[C] Insects could not live on the island without plants
[D] Plants were brought to the island by human beings
答案：C 细节题。根据文章下列哪一句话是正确的？C,没有植物昆虫无法在岛上生存。文章最后，Insects couldn't stay until there were plants for them to eat，直到有可吃的植物时，昆虫才可以生存。
Passage 4
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
Sports and games make our bodies strong, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy. But these are not their only use. They give us valuable practice in making eyes, brain and muscles work together. In tennis, our eyes see the ball coming, judge its speed and direction and pass this information on to the brain. The brain then arms, legs, and so on, so that the ball is met and hit back where it ought to go. All this must happen with very great speed, and only those who have had a lot of practice at tennis can carry out this complicated chain of events successfully. For those who work with their brains most of the day, the practice of such skills is especially useful.
