1) The second aspect is the application…of the special methods of thought and action.

　　2) Scientists use the special methods of thought and action in their work.

　　翻译：第二个方面是社会的全体成员，从政府官员到普通公民，都要使用科学家在他们的工作中所使用的那些特殊的思考和行动的方法。

　　9. I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years, about how excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce, and how cutting taxes can generate growth.

　　结构：共有4个谓语动词，主句的是launched into。I had made for years是省略了that的定语从句，分隔了the speech和about。about后面是两个并列的宾语从句。拆分为：

　　1) I launched into a variation of the speech about...

　　2) I had made the speech for years.

　　3) How excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce.

　　4) How cutting taxes can generate growth.

　　翻译：我做了一次与几年前内容不同的演讲，谈的是关于过高的税率会如何挫伤生产的积极性，以及减税如何能够促进发展。

　　10. Even his critics say the Ames test – his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure that helps determine whether a substance might cause cancer – is a remarkable achievement.

　　结构：共有4个谓语动词，主句的是say。his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure…是一个很长的同位语，分隔了宾语从句中的the Ames test和is a remarkable achievement。拆分为：

　　1) Even his critics say.

　　2) The Ames test is a remarkable achievement.

　　3) His simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure helps determine.

　　4) Whether a substance might cause cancer.

　　翻译：甚至连他的批评者都说爱姆兹试验是一项非凡的成就。这种试验是一种简单而又廉价的实验过程，却有助于确定某一种物质是否能够造成癌症。

　　11. The cessation(停止) of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body when there is irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent(即将来临的) is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.

　　结构：共有3个谓语动词，主句的是第三个is。主干是The cessation…is the decision…，但是主语与系动词之间被长长的定语of the employment…所分隔。that引导evidence的同位语从句。拆分为：

　　1) The cessation of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.

　　2) When there is irrefutable evidence.

　　3) That biological death is imminent.

　　翻译：当有确凿的证据证明病人即将进入生物死亡时，停止采用非常规手段来延长其生命的决定，应该由病人和(或)其直系亲属做出。

　　12. Although her characters were portrayed(描绘) in many settings and situations, they all reflected, (by the often tragic outcome of their lives), her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness(悲伤，痛苦) of another.

　　结构：共有4个谓语动词，主句的是reflected。(by the often tragic outcome of their lives)分隔了reflected和它的宾语her profound conviction。that引导了her profound conviction的同位语从句。拆分为：

　　1) Although her characters were portrayed(描绘) in many settings and situations.